The Moon Produces Its Own Light
Mainstream astronomy holds that the moon is a reflective body — producing no light of its own, simply reflecting sunlight. This model requires the moon to be illuminated from an external source (the sun). But multiple carefully conducted temperature experiments demonstrate that moonlight is measurably cooler than moonshadow — the opposite of what reflected sunlight should produce. In 1856, Sir John Frederick William Herschel measured cooler temperatures in the illuminated patch of a moonlit field than in the shadow. Multiple independent researchers have replicated this finding using thermometers and infrared cameras. Reflected light from a 93-million-mile-away sun should warm the surface it strikes. Moonlight cools it.
The quality of moonlight is also distinctly different from reflected sunlight. Moonlight has a blue-white quality that cannot ignite photosensitive paper and does not catalyse photosynthesis — both of which sunlight does. If the moon were simply reflecting sunlight, moonlight should be spectrally identical to sunlight (minus atmospheric scattering differences). It is not. The moon produces its own light through a mechanism mainstream science does not model.
The Moon's Semi-Transparency
On multiple photographically documented occasions, stars have been observed through the dark limb of the crescent moon — stars visible through the portion of the moon that is in shadow. On the standard model, the dark limb is just the unlit side of a solid rock sphere, which would block stars behind it. These observations indicate that the moon's body is, at minimum, semi-transparent in its dark phase — consistent with the moon being a self-luminous disc of lesser opacity rather than a solid sphere reflecting sunlight.
On the flat earth, both the sun and moon are over the same plane simultaneously — neither is "behind" the Earth to create an umbra shadow. The dark phases of the moon on the flat earth model are produced by the moon's own internal light dimming or by a secondary "shadow body" — a dark non-luminous body moving in the orbital path. This is actually how ancient astronomers explained lunar eclipses: a shadow object (Rahu/Ketu in Vedic astronomy) blocking the moon — not Earth's shadow as mainstream science claims.
The Moon Over Flat Earth — Impossible on a Globe
On the globe model, only one hemisphere can see the moon at a time, because the Earth blocks it from the other half. But there are documented, photographically verified incidents of the sun and moon being simultaneously visible on opposite sides of the sky during a lunar eclipse — which is geometrically impossible on the globe model, since the Earth must be between sun and moon to create an eclipse. This is called the "selenelion" phenomenon. Mainstream science explains it with atmospheric refraction bending both bodies' light around the Earth — but flat earth researchers note this is a post-hoc patch on a model that would otherwise show its impossibility.
Cooler in Moonlight
Multiple researchers since Herschel (1856) have measured lower temperatures in moonlit areas vs. shaded ones — the opposite of what reflected sunlight predicts. A reflective surface should warm what it illuminates.
Stars Through the Dark Limb
Stars photographed through the dark portion of the crescent moon indicate the moon is not a fully opaque solid sphere. A solid rock 2,159 miles in diameter cannot be transparent.
The Impossible Eclipse
Sun and moon simultaneously above the horizon during a lunar eclipse — possible on flat earth, geometrically impossible on a globe without post-hoc atmospheric bending adjustments.
Phases Without Reflection
The terminator (the dividing line between light and dark on the moon) curves in ways inconsistent with a purely reflected-sunlight model but consistent with an internal dimming mechanism on a self-luminous body.