The Tehom — The Primordial Deep
Genesis 1:2 states: "And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep." The Hebrew word translated "deep" is tehom — the primordial abyss of water that existed before creation. The flat earth sits within and upon this primordial deep. The oceans are its surface expression — the waters that exist below the sky and above the bedrock foundation — but the deep itself extends beneath the plane, surrounding and supporting it.
This is not a primitive misconception. Hydrology confirms that water exists beneath every major landmass in enormous aquifers. The total volume of water in Earth's subsurface is estimated at approximately 10 quintillion kilograms — vastly more than all surface water combined. Groundwater fills rock formations to depths of several miles. The oldest wells in the world tap ancient water systems that have existed since pre-human times. The flat earth rests upon water.
The Babylonian Apsu
In the Babylonian Enuma Elish, the primordial state before creation is described as Apsu (the freshwater beneath the earth) and Tiamat (the saltwater above, which later becomes the sky). The gods are born from the intermingling of these two primordial waters. The flat earth cosmological structure — a plane resting on sweet freshwater aquifers, surrounded by saltwater oceans, with the sky vault above — is directly mapped in Babylonian cosmology as Apsu below and Tiamat's separated body above.
In 2014, geologists at the University of Alberta reported finding evidence for a water reservoir at approximately 660 km depth — stored in ringwoodite crystal formation — that contains up to three times the volume of all Earth's surface oceans. This "ocean inside the Earth" is not what mainstream geology models, but is perfectly consistent with the flat earth model of a plane resting on and within deep water. The mainstream calls it "mantle transition zone water." The flat earth model calls it the tehom.
Hollow Earth and the Inner Waters
The concept of a hollow earth — a world within the world, with inner waters, possibly lit by an inner sun — is a separate theory from flat earth, but both share the fundamental concept that the Earth is not a solid rock sphere. Flat earth researchers generally hold that the flat plane has depth — layers of rock and aquifer — and that the deepest zones connect to or are the primordial deep described in ancient texts. Where exactly the "sea below" becomes "the foundation" is not definitively determined in the flat earth model.
The Fountains of the Great Deep
Genesis 7:11 describes the global flood as opening "all the fountains of the great deep" — a subterranean source of enormous water volume erupting from below the earth. This is not explainable on the standard model where Earth's crust is solid rock 60+ miles thick. On a flat earth sitting on primordial waters, the concept of a subterranean fluid foundation erupting upward is physically coherent.
Water Memory & Structured Water
Research by Viktor Schauberger (dismissed by mainstream science) and Masaru Emoto (disputed but documented) suggests water has structural memory properties — that it retains and transmits information through its molecular structure. If the world sits on and within primordial water that predates creation, that water is the oldest substance in existence. Its properties — electromagnetic, structural, informational — may underlie phenomena that materialism cannot explain.